The Importance of Sponsor Support and Biblical Worldview in Understanding Government
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Jenna Ellis: I love talking about the things of God because of truth and the biblical worldview. The U.S. constitution obligates our government to preserve and protect the rights that our founders recognize come from God our creator, not our government. I believe that scripture in the Bible is very clear that God is the one that raised up each of you and God has allowed us to be brought here to this specific moment in time.
Addressing Current Events Through a Biblical Lens: Institutions of Government and Worldview
This is Jenna Ellis in the morning.
Jenna Ellis: Good morning. And sometimes we like to take a show and a moment to step back from the news of the day headlines and some of the political hot topics that we address always from a biblical worldview and from the perspective that God ordained three institutions of government, the civil government, the family government and the church government. And all of the headlines and the policy and the things that we talk about, we want to address from those categories and from a biblical worldview to see how does does this align or not with a biblical standard. and so today we are going to actually address more of an overview of how we read the Bible in context and some of the headlines that are in the Bible.
Integrating Biblical History with World History: Accounts, Empires, and Prophecy
Because when we read the Bible it can be easy to separate what we call biblical history from what we learned in school or college as world history. But, but Scripture doesn't present itself as happening in some kind of isolated religious universe or that these are just stories that are all parables. Obviously the Bible does contain some parables, but you know that up front. And when there is a story, in the Bible, we should call it actually, an account because these are accounts of actual history that took place, in world history and in that context. So the story and the accounts in the Bible unfold amid real nations, kings and wars, empires and cultures from Egypt and Assyria to Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome and then even into history that hasn't happened yet, which we call prophecy and also, ah, the end times or eschatology, the end of all things.
Connecting Timelines: Scripture, World History, Archaeology, and Understanding Jesus's Context
So when we begin putting these timelines next to each other, there are connections that emerge that we can place scripture alongside a, world history and what we know from ancient records, from archaeology that has uncovered actual people and places that are mentioned in scripture. And this is why studying world history is important and also why understanding the biblical timeline is important. And so the rise and fall of major world empires provide an historical backdrop from, for everything from the prophets to the exile, of Jon, and in the world in which Jesus, was born, the Roman Empire. And so it's important to know what was going on, philosophically and also in the kingdoms and the world rulers at the times and places that biblical accounts take place, because then we can more understand the biblical context. And we can also, understand of course, when it relates to Jesus as Messiah and Lord, we can understand a, where world history that aligns with biblical history has taken us and then also, where we're headed, into the future.
The Role of Timeline in Biblical Study and Homeschooling World History Chronologically
And so joining me for this conversation is a guest that you are all very familiar with, my mom, Valerie Ellis, who, who ah, has her degrees in theology and biblical counseling. And when, she teaches theology and the study of the Bible and bibliology. One of the, important contexts for all of this is the timeline of biblical history. And this is one of the things actually that we, we studied in homeschooling when we read the Bible all the way through, annually per year. And then also when we studied world history and in a separate program, we talked about how in homeschooling my, mom did this differently, where we didn't just study units that were, kind of decontextualized. And you know, you learn about the Roman Empire, then you learn about the pioneers, and then you learn about the Founding Fathers and then you learn about ancient Egypt. And you don't have this understanding of the chronological timeline. Well, we need to have that in world history and we also need to have that in biblical history. So, mom, thanks so much for joining and you know, tell us how you put this together in the context of your, theology class.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. Hi Jenna. Good to be with you again. I like charts as anybody who knows me knows.
Jenna Ellis: I like charts almost as much as analogies. Yes, yes.
Visualizing History: Charts, Artifacts, and Faith Building Through Real Biblical Accounts
Valerie Ellis: To make a lot of information able to be seen quickly. And you can grasp, you can grasp it when you put it into a chart. So as we're going through, excuse me, the Bible chronologically, and we hit these different, as you mentioned, kingdoms and kings and rulers and empires and everything. They are not never, never land information or you know, Middle Earth or something. They are real here on planet Earth. And we always want to, as we are going through the Bible, then pause and look at that king and that those artifacts from that culture and whatever was going on in biblical history put it in its, its context in this world. And it's wonderful, it's a wonderful faith booster to know that these places and people in scripture are real. Even in secular history. They, they have the same kings and they have the same names and places and all. And then you can understand the Bible better.
Chronological Charting: Integrating Biblical and Secular History from Genesis Onward
So I put it all in a chronological, the biblical history with the secular history and who the kings were into a chart so that we could look at it and follow the history of it all.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, yeah. And so it's really important, to understand this for all the reasons that we've mentioned. And so, you know, you know, give us basically then an overview of, of this chart and you know, how, the, the beginning, you know, and the concepts in Genesis. I guess we'll just start there, you know, align, the overview of the Bible, but then also the overview of world history.
Early Biblical History Overview: Genesis, Exodus, and Egypt as the World Empire
Valerie Ellis: You just want me to go,
Jenna Ellis: topic by, let's do kind of an overview of just, you know, kind of a, you know, one minute, 60 second view of world history in the Bible. And then we can go a little more in depth.
Valerie Ellis: Okay, so early history of course is as you said in Genesis. And then, and there was not really a world empire at that time. At the end of Genesis, it is down in Egypt. And then we have the next book which is Exodus, and so that, then that whole time from Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy goes along with who the pharaohs were at that time in Egypt. Egypt at that time was the world empire. Then you go to, they come out of Egypt, they go up into the promised land. You have Joshua and then Judges and Ruth.
The United Kingdom, Divided Kingdom, and the Rise of the Assyrian Empire
Then you have the united Kingdomnomics, with 1st and 2nd Samuel, 1st Kings 1 to 11, and the book of Psalms that David wrote, books of Solomon wrote. And Israel and their kingdom were the, that was the, they were, it was the golden age of Israel. At that time, Egypt was no longer the world empire. There wasn't really a world empire. Then you get down to second Kings and second Chronicles. And we have the world empire of Assyria, whose capital is Nineveh, where Jonah was sent to. And you have the kings mentioned of the kings of Syria mentioned in second Kings. They're real kings of the Assyrian Empire. Assyrian empire conquered the Northern kingdom. And so the northern Kingdomnomics it became, it was a divided kingdom before that.
Babylonian and Medo-Persian Empires: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream and Future Kingdoms
And then you have the next kingdom that was the world kingdom was Babylon. And so now they, they conquered Israel and now they're the remnant is, is in Babylon. And you have Nebuchadnezzar having the dream which tells the future kingdoms. So then you trace that. you have the Nebuchadnezzar is the head of gold. He's the Babylonian empire, as I said. And then the chest and arms of silver are the Medo Persian Empire and all of their kings that are mentioned in scripture. Then you have the belly and thighs of bronze in that statue which represents the kingdom of Greece which happened in between the Testaments. Then you have the legs of iron representing the Rome, the Roman Empire was, which is the empire that was the world world empire. When the Gospels and the rest of the NewSong Testament, that ends biblical history.
From Grecian to Roman Empires: Church Age, Tribulation, and Christ's Eternal Kingdom
Then we have this time period called the Church age now that we are in and in the future, in that same dream, of Nebuchadnezzar's, the feet and toes of iron and clay represent the future kingdom of the Antichrist for the tribulation. And then after that the rock in the statue in the dream that comes down and strikes the statue on the feet and all the world kingdoms are destroyed. The rock from heaven represents Jesus who then fills the earth and it's his eternal kingdom then that's established. So it goes from creation to the end of time. Biblical history and how it intersects with secular history.
Young Earth Creationism and Eschatology: Aligning Faith Views with World History
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, and you know, and this is so important because this also frames why the we and. And Protestantism generally, are a young earth creation viewpoint and also have the eschatology and the view on revelation that we do, in part not. I mean. And obviously the, the strongest reason is because of the exegesis of Scripture and because of what a reasonable interpretation of Scripture is, but also because it aligns, those views align with world history. And so we don't have, you know, millions of years before in the beginning or millions of years. And you know, kind of this gap theory of like, okay, there was a beginning, but then before the creation of the world or the creation of humans and animals and all of this. And so and then we also have the view of eschatology and the end of all things, of the tribulation and the second coming, through the lens of Scripture. And so scripture can also show us how we understand world history and how all of this aligns. And so let's let's go back to Genesis and creation because in your chart of biblical chronology and world history, the approximate year of events for Genesis, which includes creation, Adam and Eve, the fall, which is you know, just the first couple of chapters, just through Genesis 1 to 3. Ah, you label that 4004 BC.
The 4004 BC Creation Date: A Conservative Estimate Based on Biblical Genealogies
Valerie Ellis: Yes, 4004 BC. That is not my chronology. That is the conservative Bible scholar, young earth creationist. Date of creation.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so, so this is why. So I guess expand on this a little bit more about the young earth creation and why why the conservative estimate and biblical scholars agree that this is the approximate timeline and why we say you know, 6,000 years approximately is the age of the earth.
Valerie Ellis: Because they take the chronology given in Genesis of the as they give in some Adam, beget this person, beget this person, beget this person. They take all of that and the up to the history that they know and then backtrack it to 4004 BC. Of course that's approximate but it's a good starting place based on the genealogies in Genesis.
The Relevance of Old Testament Genealogies and Chronology for Christian Life
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, yeah. And it, that's so important, I mean and so many people say or I've at least heard this that you know the genealogies, they kind of skip over this in pastoral sermons. And we were actually talking this weekend when we were all gathering with extended family, and all of this when we were talking and my sister in law raised the question if you had a, if you could pick, would you rather your pastor have a sermon and go through an Old Testament book or a NewSong Testament book? And a lot of the general responses, not, not our family, but the general responses are NewSong Testament because somehow modern churches think that the NewSong Testament is more relevant to the Christian life and things like you know, the genealogies and the law in Leviticus and you know a lot of these things that are more ancient and Old Testament aren't necessarily relevant or. But we need to understand this, we need to put this all in this chronological perspective.
Understanding the New Testament Through the Chronology and Context of the Old Testament
Valerie Ellis: Absolutely. I don't understand that mindset at all that most Christians just basically read the NewSong Testament and you know the Old Testament like you said, feels irrelevant to them. But it's amazing how, how to go through the Old Testament in the chronology of it and put it with world history and you understand things of the new testamen, because you've read the Old Testament so much of the NewSong Testament. If you don't know these things that are going on in the Old Testament, they won't make any sense to you. So you get very familiar with the Old Testament, the chronology of it, what actually happened and how God set everything up to start with.
Israel's Covenants, Replacement Theology, and the Historical Narrative of God's Story
And then the NewSong Testament and the references that it makes and the things that it quotes and everything. You understand what God is doing in the church now because of what he was doing. Creation and then setting up the nation of Israel especially.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And even the current debates, like whether Israel has a right to the land and whether you know, the covenant that that God gave to Abraham and his descendants, whether that was replaced by the church in, in the NewSong Testament, you, replacement theology, which I strongly disagree with. I know that you do as well. the, the only way that we can enter into those and even understand them coherently, we have to go back and understand the Old Testament and we need to understand the timeline of world history and the overview, and kind of see that you know, big 30,000 foot perspective of Genesis, the beginning, all the way through to Revelation and history, which is his story. And so when we're looking at creation, you know, in the beginning, God. In the beginning God created. And then we have Adam and Eve and the Fall.
Key Early Biblical Events: Flood, Tower of Babel, and the Undated Book of Job
Then the next major events of course are the flood, the Tower of Babel, and then you have a question mark, by the book of Job. What does that mean?
Valerie Ellis: Because they believe that Job happened, the events in Job happened sometime early, early history after the flood. You notice that, but somewhere in the book of Genesis. But scholars do not know exactly when. It's not dated and there's, there isn't a historical reference in Job that would give them a clue what context Job, the, the society that he lived in or you know, who was the king in another part of the world or anything like that. So Job is early history. But no, they don't know where in Genesis that actually happened in the chronology.
Jenna Ellis: And so those clues, and that's what's important is to say, you know, these aren't, these other dates then aren't just guesses. These are based on looking at what we know about world history and then what the Bible tells us about the accounts that are actually given in the Bible.
Bridging Biblical and World Timelines: Confidence in Scripture's Historical Accounts
And I want to get to then Exodus and all of that. But we're going to take a break here and I'm talking with my mom, Valerie Ellis about the importance of, importance of the biblical timeline alongside the timeline of world history. Why we can be confident in the accounts of the Bible that this is real. History that God gave us from beginning to end. Obviously we have, also advice and wisdom of how to live the Christian life.
The Bible's Scope: More Than Salvation and Wisdom, It's Historical Context
and, and all of that is contained in the Bible. But a lot of people just view the Bible as well. It tells you how to get saved and then maybe has some fortune cook cookie wisdom, you know, about how to be a good person. And that's not at all what the Bible contains from beginning to end. And so understanding what the Bible contains, where these accounts, were and why, it's also important to understand world history so that we can put the Bible also in context. That's what we're talking about. And so, we will be right back with you.
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Valerie Ellis: Welcome back to Jenna Ellis in the Morning on American Family Radio.
Jenna Ellis: Welcome back. And I'm here with my mom.
Understanding World History Through Biblical Accounts and the Importance of Chronology
Hi, I'm Valerie Ellis. And we're talking about the biblical chronology and world history and how those align and how we can put the Bible in context and the accounts of the Bible and how, we also can understand world history through the accounts in the Bible and how those align and match up. And so it's important on one hand, to know world history. I was talking with a friend in my neighborhood a couple weeks ago, said, yeah, you know, I think history is a little bit boring. Well, no, it's not. I mean, we need to understand, where we, we have come from in world history and in empires and governments and kingdoms and all of the significant events from, you know, the beginning all the way through, until now and you know, the founding of America and American history. And we need to understand all of those world events, also in light of the chronology of the Bible. The Bible is not just the epistles from Paul in the NewSong Testament. Those are incredibly important. But the entire, biblical account is important and understanding all of his story or history.
Exodus and Ancient Egypt: Aligning Archaeological Evidence with Biblical Narratives
And so we left off in the last, break coming into Exodus, and this is where, mom, you were saying during the break that, you know, there's so many, you know, fascinating elements of history here with the pharaohs and, and ancient Egypt and what we know from archeology and world history and also how that aligns with the accounts in Scripture.
Valerie Ellis: Yes, it's so interesting, at least to me. And I think to a lot of people. Ancient Egypt and the pharaohs and the tombs and the pyramids and all of those things that. That intersects. All that. That we know from secular history intersects with biblical history in a very interesting way. And it's the kings or the pharaohs. In the, Book of Exodus and Leviticus, numbers, Deuteronomy. They're not given names, they're just called Pharaoh.
Dating the Exodus: Solomon's Temple, Pharaohs, and Egyptian History Connections
But we can figure it out who that pharaoh was and the name of that pharaoh. And then you can go and read the history, you know, to further your understanding of what the, children of Israel were dealing with down in Egypt when they were in exile down there.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. So let's go through that because you have on this chart, a number of the pharaohs listed and how we can know from history the names of those pharaohs and, where they were in the biblical account as well.
Valerie Ellis: So in the Book of First Things six, chapter six, verse one, it says Solomon began building the temple in, 480 years after the Exodus. That's the clue that they can put that together and say, okay, we know when Solomon did that. Go back 480 years and puts the exodus at, 1445 B.C. and then they can figure out, okay, who was the pharaoh during that. And then you get this whole understanding of who those pharaohs were.
The Pharaohs of Exodus: Thutmose Dynasty, Hatshepsut, and Moses's Rescue
There was a dynasty of Thutmose. and I'm saying this in a way that is. There's Thutmose. I've heard it. And other ways to pronounce it. Nobody probably knows exactly how. But I say Thutmose, the first was the. He was the pharaoh who killed the Hebrew babies. to. When they were, becoming. To. To. There was, The population explosion for the Hebrews. And they. So they killed. He was the one who ordered the killing of the Hebrew babies. And then he had a son, Thutmose ii from. From a lesser wife, not the queen. Follow me on this. And then he had a. Thutmose of the first had a daughter named Hatshepsut who was from the queen mother. That daughter Hatshepsut is the pharaoh's daughter. Who rescued Moses from the basket in the river. She. She grew up to be.
Hatshepsut's Reign, Thutmose III's Oppression, and Amenhotep II as Pharaoh of Exodus
To become the first female pharaoh. Because she said, my brother, who is my dad's son by a lesser wife is not in the right lineage. I deserve to be the queen of Egypt because I come from my Father and the queen mother. So she, you just need to read the history there. She, she took the throne and she was known as his Majesty herself. And Jenna, you would be interested in this. She made pink obelisks and everything. Her color was pink in Egypt. Anyway, that's Hatshepsut. Very interesting.
Jenna Ellis: I was interested. I remember that from homeschool, but. Yeah, go ahead.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. And then Thutmose iii, who was the son of Thutmose ii, who never became the pharaoh by a lesser wife, she is the one who oppressed the Hebrews and made them work, work, as slaves. And then his son Amenhotep. II is the pharaoh of the Exodus. Bible scholars do not believe it was Ramses. That's the. Based on the biblical chronology, that talks about Solomon began his temple 480 years afterwards.
The Exodus Pharaoh and Passover: Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV's Succession
So. And then, interestingly, if he's the pharaoh of the Exodus, his firstborn would have been killed in the Passover. And the next pharaoh, who was Thutmose iv was not the firstborn of. Amen. Amenhotep. ii. That's because the firstborn was killed. So it intersects with biblical history. It's very interesting. And I love that.
Making Biblical History Real: Artifacts, Exhibits, and the Veracity of Scripture
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, I do too. And I love that we can know those things. And see. I mean, I remember in homeschool there was a, ah, an ancient Egypt exhibit that came to the Denver Museum. And you know, we got to go and actually see, see, you know, some of those artifacts and and to see not just world history and what we were studying world history, but biblical history come alive through that. And so, you know, when people separate the, the two and say, okay, there's secular history, there's world history, and then there's kind of this biblical, timeline that's a lot more nebulous because people don't really put it into context unless they're just going through the chronology of the books of the Bible. They don't, they don't mesh the two and have them line up and say, okay, here is, here are some of the things that we know from these specific pharaohs. And when you know that Hatshepsut is the, is the princess that rescued Moses and you see some of those actual artifacts that archaeologists have uncovered, it gives, such a new perspective on biblical history and truly makes that come alive. And it's not just, you know, the book of fairy tales or, you know, felt board characters or, you know, veggietales or something that we learn in Sunday school. It's Actually truth and, and it's alive.
Archaeological Confirmation of Biblical Accounts: Faith Grounded in Historical Evidence
And you can trust the accounts of the Bible. And there are, you know, other circumstances that have been described in the Bible. You know, not just scientific realities, but world history that have been described in the Bible that at one point in time historians scoffed at and said, oh, you know, that, that can't be real or, oh, whatever. And then a later discovery in Arch confirmed the biblical account. We've never had an instance where an archaeological discovery disproved an account in the Bible. It's, it's always been that the biblical account is proven true. And so that gives us not, only a biblical credibility, but also, it. It solidifies our faith that for things that we may not have yet uncovered in archeology, we can trust that the Bible is true and look to that account. And it's just, it's so fascinating and so, Anything you want to say on that, Mom?
Visualizing Biblical Kings: BUSTS, Artifacts, and Making History Tangible
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. Do you remember we used to look up these names after we knew who they were. And you look them up and they have a bust of them or some kind of a artifact, not just in ancient Egypt, but other ones. And you can see that was their way of taking a picture back then is just somebody would sculpt a, ah, bust of them. And then when you're reading the Bible and you're. They're talking about this king was doing this to the children of Israel and they were having to deal with these kind of laws or whatever. And then you look at, you can look and see. You can look at that person as you're reading it and see who was doing this. And it just helps it become real. And you understand more. This is their president that they had to deal with. Like we here in America, we have our presidents and our laws and our justice system and all sorts of. It is. It. It is faith building because we know the Bible is true.
Faith Building Through History: Archaeology Confirming Scripture and the Case for Christ
And it helps us to see, yeah, archaeology and history, secular history, confirm what our Bible says. We don't believe the Bible because of that, but it's faith building to know that they wrote history accurately in the Bible.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, absolutely. And if, if something, some archaeological discovery went against what the Bible said, we had a lot of those. Then we would probably, as rational people then be skeptical and say, well, wait a minute, then can we really trust the Bible? And so it's But when the archeological discoveries that are made even by, you know, people who aren't Christians, when they confirm the biblical account, it just shows that our faith is grounded in a in a solid basis. And this isn't just a faith like, you know, you'd believe in a fairy tale or magic or, you know, a lot of that, A lot of people accuse religion of just being a crush, a crutch. It's grounded faith in a rational and a legitimate historical account. And of course, you know, when we come to the person of Jesus and all of the proof that, he really did live in during the Roman Empire, and there is so much proof for his life, his death and resurrection, then we can believe with hope and with confidence that that account is accurate.
Christianity: A Faith Grounded in History and the Best Explanation for Reality
And so Christianity isn't just a way to live as a good person, but to actually believe in, the resurrection as the critical event in world history, not just the biblical account, and say, okay, therefore, what does God require of me? What does the Bible say about the truth of reality? And that's why I always say, I'm a Christian, not just because I believe in God, because you can believe in a lot of things and some that are true and some that are false, but because the biblical worldview is the best explanation for the reality to which we're presented. And so we can, we, we obviously believe in world history. I mean, nobody goes to a museum and looks at an artifact and says, I don't believe that. That, you know, really is, is a, you know, hammer from ancient Egypt. I mean, they, they know what it is and you believe in that reality. And so the Bible also confirms the truth of reality. And so by extension, we can believe also in what God has told us that we can't yet verify, like what happens to us after we die and into eternity, because we know that the rest of the Bible is also true. So, so it's a really, you know, just wonderful thing that we can see the biblical chronology and we understand the full story.
The United Kingdom, Divided Kingdom, and Major Prophets During Assyrian Rule
And so as we come to, then, you know, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, and then into, the, in Israel, the United Kingdomnomics under King Saul, King David and King Solomon. You know, let's kind of go through some of those, you know, the M. Major and minor prophets and that portion of the Bible.
Valerie Ellis: So yeah, you get after the United Kingdomnomics, M. Solomon's two sons split the kingdom and there was a northern kingdom and a southern kingdom. Assyria was the world empire at that time. As I said before, Nineveh was its capital.
Assyrian Kings in Scripture: Tiglath-Pileser, Sargon II, and Sennacherib
And this is where they give us some names in scripture of some of the Assyrian, kings. Tiglath, Policer, Shamanizar, these are in second Kings, Sargon ii, Sennacherib, all of these kings, Ezra, Haddon and Ashurbanipal, they all are there in scripture. You can look them up, do a Google search on it. You can see their bus and what they look like and and what the Assyrian culture was like and who their gods were and all. And that, that is who was the world, in the world empire when the divided kingdom was going on in Israel.
The Fall of the Northern Kingdom and Judah's Warning Before Babylonian Conquest
And then they, the Assyrians came in and conquered the northern kingdom. And the, that's the 10 lost tribes as they call them. Not sure that they were lost, but that's what they call them. They were taken off the land and the only kingdom that survived then was the kingdom of Judah in the south. And that is the kingdom then that continued on until Nebuchadnezzar. Even though the prophets came and told them, God is sending Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonians to destroy your nation unless you repent. All the, all the prophets in that, during that time, who warned them and warned them, you know what's going on? If you know, okay, they were there, the last kingdom and Babylon is over there now. The world empire, they're going to come if you don't repent. And they did not repent.
Exilic Prophets: Daniel and Ezekiel in Babylon Under Nebuchadnezzar
And so now then the biblical history goes over to Babylon with Daniel and Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego in, in Babylon with Nebuchadnezzar as their ruler. And the, the prophets, Ezekiel and Daniel, were the, were the exileic prophets who were speaking to those captives in Babylon while they were there for 70 years. and it's, it's fascinating. You can look Nebuchadnezzar and what he looked like and his son Belshazzar, who was the, then he took his father's place and he was the one who was having the feast to, he brought all the other rulers in his kingdom to this feast in Babylon. And they took out the elements and the, the bowls and the cups and all that they had brought to Babylon from destroying the temple.
Belshazzar's Feast, the Handwriting on the Wall, and the Fall of Babylon
And they were toasting their gods in Babylon in blasphemy to the Lord God. And that's when the handwriting came on the wall. And that's that night, Darius the Mead from the middle Persian empire came and conquered Babylon. And you can look, you can look all that up. Secular history.
Post-Exilic Prophets: Nehemiah, Cyrus the Great, and the Medo-Persian Empire
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so, you know, so that was Babylonia. And then we get to the post exilec prophets, so you know Nehemiah, who then goes and is tasked with rebuilding the wall. I mean and this is why again, you know, history and context is important because so many pastors unfortunately just use the book of Nehemiah and building the wall as some kind of, you know, analogy or allegory to we need to build our churches and we need to tithe more. And they use, you know, that kind of symbolism instead of understanding what was actually going on in world and biblical history during the time of Nehemiah and when Cy allowed the Jews to return to their land and during the Medo Persian Empire. And what was actually going on.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, you, you lose all of that when it just becomes a little less book of lessons. Even for Daniel. They'll say, oh, Daniel, you know, dare to be a Daniel. All these things.
Esther, Xerxes, and Artaxerxes: Key Figures in the Medo-Persian Empire
Yeah, well it was really going on, but things were really going on. They had to deal with these rulers, Daniel. And yeah, Cyrus was prophesied by Isaiah. There was going to be some Cyrus who is going to tell the Jews to allow the Jews to go back into their land. And that actually happened. He was a, he was a real ruler, Cyrus. And then we come to Darius II in the Medo Persian Empire and then to Xerxes who was Esther's husband. Then you, you read about Xerxes in secular history and you read the book of Esther. She was the one that was in, you know, came into. Won the beauty contest basically and came into his harem. And then his son Artaxerxes the first is the one who allowed Nehemiah to return to rebuild the walls. And he is also in secular history. And from him was his son Darius ii in Nehemiah 12, called Darius the Persian. You can look them up in secular history.
Historical Figures in Scripture: Esther and the Contextual Importance of Old Testament Narratives
Valerie Ellis: So interesting to know people were really real.
Jenna Ellis: Absolutely. And you know, and again, you know, Esther is one that is so often used and you know, people have quoted this to me so often, you know, oh, for such a time as this, as if it's just a, a story and their case studies to say, okay, how can we be more like an Esther and you. And they, they take them out of context to just build these little TED Talks kind of, you know, around these people. As if we would say, you know, in generations to come, if pastors would say, okay, well you can you be more like a Trump, you know, how can you be more like, you know, or a, you know, Billy Graham, you know, as if these, these people weren't actual historical figures that did things that we can, you know, either look to as you know, good examples or bad examples, but also, you know, understand the world in context and how that fits into the greater narrative of the Gospel story of, of why, you know, God chose Israel and then Israel's history.
Old Testament Foreshadowing of the Messiah and the Need for a Savior
and all of that was a foreshadowing to the Messiah who would come. And we'll get into the NewSong Testament, we got to take a break here. But that all of that Old Testament history is a foreshadowing and an understanding of why we need a savior and then why he would come and his name is Jesus and, and lived and died and, and rose again. And we have historical proof of that account so that all people can have, the opportunity to receive salvation. And then as we enter into the NewSong Testament, where that fits into world history. So, we'll talk about the old test or, I'm sorry, the NewSong Testament when we come right back here on Jenna Ellis in the Morning with my mom, Valerie Ellis.
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Welcome Back: Biblical Chronology, World History, and the Intertestamental Period
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Valerie Ellis: Welcome back to Jenna Ellis in the Morning on American Family Radio Welco.
Jenna Ellis: And I'm here with my mom, Valerie Ellis, and we're talking about biblical chronology and world history. And where we left off, before the break was at the end of the Old Testament and the post exilec prophets. And so now we have an in between period in world history in between the Old Testament and the beginning of the NewSong Testament.
The 400-Year Gap: Alexander the Great and the Division of the Grecian Empire
And so, this is what scholars call in the 400 year period or gap and what was going on in world history between the end of the Old Testament and the beginning of the NewSong.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, so this is also a fascinating time of history. The Alexander the Great was the world ruler. He conquered in the name of, in the name of Greece. He became, he ruled everything. If you, if you go and look at his history, there's so many places in in that, in his whole kingdom that were called Alexandria, that's, there's Alexandria cities all over, they were named after him. He was a great conqueror. and he, after, soon after he conquered, he was a very young man, he died and his kingdom was divided up into four sections and four, four general, four of his generals ruled each section. But this was prophes in Daniel chapter 8. Alexander the Great is represented by the goat.
Antiochus Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt: The Historical Context of Hanukkah
The goat of Greece or the Grecian kingdom. The one large horn that the goat has was represented Alexander the Great. And in the prophecy it broke off and four other horns grew in its place. And that happened in world history. So he died, Alexander the Great died soon after he conquered. And his kingdom was divided in, into four smaller kingdoms. One of those kingdoms, became obviously Israel was under one of the kingdoms and one of their rulers became Antiochus Epiphanies, who was the one who hated the Jews and the Jewish culture. He outlawed sacrifices, he banned circumcision. He slew a pig on the altar in the temple to his God Zeus. Hm. And he horribly persecuted the Jews. If you want to read a great book on this, it's My Glorious Brothers by Howard Fast. It's out of print now if you can get it anywhere. It's, it's a great book. It talks about this time of history and who he was and how he how he persecuted the Jews.
Hanukkah's Significance and the Beginning of the New Testament Era in the Roman Empire
And they rose up and they fought the mighty Grecian empire and they they won their independence. And that is the story of Hanukkah. And that's what my glorious brothers tells. the story of that. That all happened in between the Testaments. So that when Jesus walked there they were, they were celebrating Hanukkah. And when Jesus said was at the festival and he said I am the light, he was celebrating Hanukkah at that time.
Jenna Ellis: And so then the NewSong Testament begins. and this is 60, 3 BC and so you know, this of course is during the Roman Empire and the Caesars of, you know, Augustus, Claudius, Nero, ah, Vespasian. so walk us through that.
The Roman Empire and the Gospels: Augustus Caesar's Census and Jesus's Birth
And how that aligns with the Gospels.
Valerie Ellis: So Julius Caesar was part of the triumvirate when Rome was a republic. But various things happened and it became an, an empire with Julius Caesar's nephew, Augustus Caesar, being the first Roman emperor. And he is the one who taxed everyone. He, as soon as he took over, he wanted to know how many people are in his kingdom so that he would be able to know how many people will be taxed and how much money he was going to have. It was Augustus Caesar, we all probably remember who, because of that, Joseph and Mary had to go to Bethlehem to to register. And that's why Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem in fulfillment of the prophecy. And then Claudius Caesar is the next Roman emperor who was named in Scripture. In Acts chapter 11, Acts chapter 18. Nero is the one who persecuted the Christians horribly.
Roman Emperors in Scripture: Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, and the Destruction of the Temple
He's not named in Scripture, but he persecuted Peter and M. Paul and the other Christians. Peter, as the tradition, was crucified upside down, by Caesar Nero. And then Vespasian was the Roman emperor who when in AD 70 when the Romans came in and Titus and his legions came in and completely destroyed the temple. It was under the Roman emperor Vespasian, who is not named in Scripture, but that's who that was. And Titus is also not named, but he's the one who came in and, and did that after Jesus was crucified and into the NewSong Testament books.
The Church Age, Israel's Regathering, and Prophecy of the Antichrist
After the temple was destroyed.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so then that was scattering the Jews. And then until 1948 when Israel regathers. And so you know, we have then 33 AD to the present time is the church age. And so, you know, Israel has been scattered, but there is prophecy that says that Israel will be regathered. And we saw that happen in 1948. And then there will be no world empire until the Antichrist and the Tribulation and that that is prophesied and told in Revelation during Jon's vision. And when was Jon exiled to the island of Patmos, and wrote revelation
Valerie Ellis: probably in A.D. 95.
The Apostle John: Exile on Patmos and Faithful Service Amidst Loss
That's what conservative Bible scholars give is the date of Revelation. And so you think about it. Jon wrote his gospel, the book of Jon, first, second, third Jon, and then the book of Revelation after the temple was destroyed. And so he probably had many people that he knew, probably some in his family. They were all killed by the Romans and scattered, as you said, to the four winds. And Jon is still faithfully serving the Lord. He's writing his books of scripture. He lost his country, he lost his family, he lost, you know, the culture. The temple was gone, everything. And yet he's still faithfully serving God.
Ephesus and the Isle of Patmos: Real Places Confirming Biblical Accounts
He was an elder in Ephesus. And you can. Ephesus is a real city and there's artifacts there. And then he was, he was, exiled to the Isle of Patmos. He got Revelation, then he went back to Ephesus, probably in his final years.
Jenna Ellis: And if you haven't been to Ephesus, for listeners, I have. I had the opportunity to go about 10 years ago and it's, it's incredible to go there, to go to Israel, to, you know, see the historical places and the the artifacts that they have, that it makes the Bible come alive. And and you see that these are real places. These aren't just, you know, as we talked about in the very beginning.
From Creation to Revelation: Understanding God's Narrative and Future Events
These aren't just, you know, Never Never Land or in, you know, some, you know, kind of Lord of the Rings, you know, land that's just made up. I mean, these are real historical accounts that show, the narrative. And so when we, when we see what is now coming, we're in the church age. And then what will come, which is the tribulation, and then the second coming of Christ, the actual physical return of, Jesus Christ, who will then reign forever as the, the last world ruler. And of course, he will reign over the new heaven and the new earth.
Confidence in Unfulfilled Prophecy: Jesus's Second Coming and God's Righteous Rule
what does that tell us when we look at the scope of biblical history, and world history? What should we be preparing for and how should we view then our future and our current culture, in terms of being faithful?
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, it's. So as you said before, Jenna, if the Bible is true about everything that we know has already happened, then we can have absolute confidence in the things that haven't happened yet that the Bible tells us it will happen. Jesus is coming again and this world will be ruled by Him.
Hope in Tribulation: Trusting Jesus's Return for Justice and Restoration
Praise him for that. We will finally have a righteous ruler and we can look forward to that that gives us in our tribulations and our trials and the things that are going on. We look at our own nation right now that's crumbling. Everything is, not as we would like it to be, and, and the laws that are passed and the things that people think are true. We can trust Jesus is coming back. There will be this justice served at some point in this world. And we wait in hope. We do not wait as if maybe this will happen. And maybe it won't. No, we know that it will happen.
Encouragement to Study Biblical and World History for a Fuller Understanding
It's just the question of is when. And it could happen at any time.
Jenna Ellis: And this has been such a a quick overview, but I hope that this encourages you to study more about world history, biblical history. Thanks so much mom. And as always, you can reach me and my team. Jenna F R.net. PreBorn has rescued over 400,000 babies from abortion and every day their network clinics rescue 200 babies lives. Will you join PreBorn in loving and supporting young moms in crisis? This save a life today. Go to preborn.com afr.
The Importance of Sponsor Support and Biblical Worldview in Understanding Government
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Jenna Ellis: I love talking about the things of God because of truth and the biblical worldview. The U.S. constitution obligates our government to preserve and protect the rights that our founders recognize come from God our creator, not our government. I believe that scripture in the Bible is very clear that God is the one that raised up each of you and God has allowed us to be brought here to this specific moment in time.
Addressing Current Events Through a Biblical Lens: Institutions of Government and Worldview
This is Jenna Ellis in the morning.
Jenna Ellis: Good morning. And sometimes we like to take a show and a moment to step back from the news of the day headlines and some of the political hot topics that we address always from a biblical worldview and from the perspective that God ordained three institutions of government, the civil government, the family government and the church government. And all of the headlines and the policy and the things that we talk about, we want to address from those categories and from a biblical worldview to see how does does this align or not with a biblical standard. and so today we are going to actually address more of an overview of how we read the Bible in context and some of the headlines that are in the Bible.
Integrating Biblical History with World History: Accounts, Empires, and Prophecy
Because when we read the Bible it can be easy to separate what we call biblical history from what we learned in school or college as world history. But, but Scripture doesn't present itself as happening in some kind of isolated religious universe or that these are just stories that are all parables. Obviously the Bible does contain some parables, but you know that up front. And when there is a story, in the Bible, we should call it actually, an account because these are accounts of actual history that took place, in world history and in that context. So the story and the accounts in the Bible unfold amid real nations, kings and wars, empires and cultures from Egypt and Assyria to Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome and then even into history that hasn't happened yet, which we call prophecy and also, ah, the end times or eschatology, the end of all things.
Connecting Timelines: Scripture, World History, Archaeology, and Understanding Jesus's Context
So when we begin putting these timelines next to each other, there are connections that emerge that we can place scripture alongside a, world history and what we know from ancient records, from archaeology that has uncovered actual people and places that are mentioned in scripture. And this is why studying world history is important and also why understanding the biblical timeline is important. And so the rise and fall of major world empires provide an historical backdrop from, for everything from the prophets to the exile, of Jon, and in the world in which Jesus, was born, the Roman Empire. And so it's important to know what was going on, philosophically and also in the kingdoms and the world rulers at the times and places that biblical accounts take place, because then we can more understand the biblical context. And we can also, understand of course, when it relates to Jesus as Messiah and Lord, we can understand a, where world history that aligns with biblical history has taken us and then also, where we're headed, into the future.
The Role of Timeline in Biblical Study and Homeschooling World History Chronologically
And so joining me for this conversation is a guest that you are all very familiar with, my mom, Valerie Ellis, who, who ah, has her degrees in theology and biblical counseling. And when, she teaches theology and the study of the Bible and bibliology. One of the, important contexts for all of this is the timeline of biblical history. And this is one of the things actually that we, we studied in homeschooling when we read the Bible all the way through, annually per year. And then also when we studied world history and in a separate program, we talked about how in homeschooling my, mom did this differently, where we didn't just study units that were, kind of decontextualized. And you know, you learn about the Roman Empire, then you learn about the pioneers, and then you learn about the Founding Fathers and then you learn about ancient Egypt. And you don't have this understanding of the chronological timeline. Well, we need to have that in world history and we also need to have that in biblical history. So, mom, thanks so much for joining and you know, tell us how you put this together in the context of your, theology class.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. Hi Jenna. Good to be with you again. I like charts as anybody who knows me knows.
Jenna Ellis: I like charts almost as much as analogies. Yes, yes.
Visualizing History: Charts, Artifacts, and Faith Building Through Real Biblical Accounts
Valerie Ellis: To make a lot of information able to be seen quickly. And you can grasp, you can grasp it when you put it into a chart. So as we're going through, excuse me, the Bible chronologically, and we hit these different, as you mentioned, kingdoms and kings and rulers and empires and everything. They are not never, never land information or you know, Middle Earth or something. They are real here on planet Earth. And we always want to, as we are going through the Bible, then pause and look at that king and that those artifacts from that culture and whatever was going on in biblical history put it in its, its context in this world. And it's wonderful, it's a wonderful faith booster to know that these places and people in scripture are real. Even in secular history. They, they have the same kings and they have the same names and places and all. And then you can understand the Bible better.
Chronological Charting: Integrating Biblical and Secular History from Genesis Onward
So I put it all in a chronological, the biblical history with the secular history and who the kings were into a chart so that we could look at it and follow the history of it all.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, yeah. And so it's really important, to understand this for all the reasons that we've mentioned. And so, you know, you know, give us basically then an overview of, of this chart and you know, how, the, the beginning, you know, and the concepts in Genesis. I guess we'll just start there, you know, align, the overview of the Bible, but then also the overview of world history.
Early Biblical History Overview: Genesis, Exodus, and Egypt as the World Empire
Valerie Ellis: You just want me to go,
Jenna Ellis: topic by, let's do kind of an overview of just, you know, kind of a, you know, one minute, 60 second view of world history in the Bible. And then we can go a little more in depth.
Valerie Ellis: Okay, so early history of course is as you said in Genesis. And then, and there was not really a world empire at that time. At the end of Genesis, it is down in Egypt. And then we have the next book which is Exodus, and so that, then that whole time from Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy goes along with who the pharaohs were at that time in Egypt. Egypt at that time was the world empire. Then you go to, they come out of Egypt, they go up into the promised land. You have Joshua and then Judges and Ruth.
The United Kingdom, Divided Kingdom, and the Rise of the Assyrian Empire
Then you have the united Kingdomnomics, with 1st and 2nd Samuel, 1st Kings 1 to 11, and the book of Psalms that David wrote, books of Solomon wrote. And Israel and their kingdom were the, that was the, they were, it was the golden age of Israel. At that time, Egypt was no longer the world empire. There wasn't really a world empire. Then you get down to second Kings and second Chronicles. And we have the world empire of Assyria, whose capital is Nineveh, where Jonah was sent to. And you have the kings mentioned of the kings of Syria mentioned in second Kings. They're real kings of the Assyrian Empire. Assyrian empire conquered the Northern kingdom. And so the northern Kingdomnomics it became, it was a divided kingdom before that.
Babylonian and Medo-Persian Empires: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream and Future Kingdoms
And then you have the next kingdom that was the world kingdom was Babylon. And so now they, they conquered Israel and now they're the remnant is, is in Babylon. And you have Nebuchadnezzar having the dream which tells the future kingdoms. So then you trace that. you have the Nebuchadnezzar is the head of gold. He's the Babylonian empire, as I said. And then the chest and arms of silver are the Medo Persian Empire and all of their kings that are mentioned in scripture. Then you have the belly and thighs of bronze in that statue which represents the kingdom of Greece which happened in between the Testaments. Then you have the legs of iron representing the Rome, the Roman Empire was, which is the empire that was the world world empire. When the Gospels and the rest of the NewSong Testament, that ends biblical history.
From Grecian to Roman Empires: Church Age, Tribulation, and Christ's Eternal Kingdom
Then we have this time period called the Church age now that we are in and in the future, in that same dream, of Nebuchadnezzar's, the feet and toes of iron and clay represent the future kingdom of the Antichrist for the tribulation. And then after that the rock in the statue in the dream that comes down and strikes the statue on the feet and all the world kingdoms are destroyed. The rock from heaven represents Jesus who then fills the earth and it's his eternal kingdom then that's established. So it goes from creation to the end of time. Biblical history and how it intersects with secular history.
Young Earth Creationism and Eschatology: Aligning Faith Views with World History
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, and you know, and this is so important because this also frames why the we and. And Protestantism generally, are a young earth creation viewpoint and also have the eschatology and the view on revelation that we do, in part not. I mean. And obviously the, the strongest reason is because of the exegesis of Scripture and because of what a reasonable interpretation of Scripture is, but also because it aligns, those views align with world history. And so we don't have, you know, millions of years before in the beginning or millions of years. And you know, kind of this gap theory of like, okay, there was a beginning, but then before the creation of the world or the creation of humans and animals and all of this. And so and then we also have the view of eschatology and the end of all things, of the tribulation and the second coming, through the lens of Scripture. And so scripture can also show us how we understand world history and how all of this aligns. And so let's let's go back to Genesis and creation because in your chart of biblical chronology and world history, the approximate year of events for Genesis, which includes creation, Adam and Eve, the fall, which is you know, just the first couple of chapters, just through Genesis 1 to 3. Ah, you label that 4004 BC.
The 4004 BC Creation Date: A Conservative Estimate Based on Biblical Genealogies
Valerie Ellis: Yes, 4004 BC. That is not my chronology. That is the conservative Bible scholar, young earth creationist. Date of creation.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so, so this is why. So I guess expand on this a little bit more about the young earth creation and why why the conservative estimate and biblical scholars agree that this is the approximate timeline and why we say you know, 6,000 years approximately is the age of the earth.
Valerie Ellis: Because they take the chronology given in Genesis of the as they give in some Adam, beget this person, beget this person, beget this person. They take all of that and the up to the history that they know and then backtrack it to 4004 BC. Of course that's approximate but it's a good starting place based on the genealogies in Genesis.
The Relevance of Old Testament Genealogies and Chronology for Christian Life
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, yeah. And it, that's so important, I mean and so many people say or I've at least heard this that you know the genealogies, they kind of skip over this in pastoral sermons. And we were actually talking this weekend when we were all gathering with extended family, and all of this when we were talking and my sister in law raised the question if you had a, if you could pick, would you rather your pastor have a sermon and go through an Old Testament book or a NewSong Testament book? And a lot of the general responses, not, not our family, but the general responses are NewSong Testament because somehow modern churches think that the NewSong Testament is more relevant to the Christian life and things like you know, the genealogies and the law in Leviticus and you know a lot of these things that are more ancient and Old Testament aren't necessarily relevant or. But we need to understand this, we need to put this all in this chronological perspective.
Understanding the New Testament Through the Chronology and Context of the Old Testament
Valerie Ellis: Absolutely. I don't understand that mindset at all that most Christians just basically read the NewSong Testament and you know the Old Testament like you said, feels irrelevant to them. But it's amazing how, how to go through the Old Testament in the chronology of it and put it with world history and you understand things of the new testamen, because you've read the Old Testament so much of the NewSong Testament. If you don't know these things that are going on in the Old Testament, they won't make any sense to you. So you get very familiar with the Old Testament, the chronology of it, what actually happened and how God set everything up to start with.
Israel's Covenants, Replacement Theology, and the Historical Narrative of God's Story
And then the NewSong Testament and the references that it makes and the things that it quotes and everything. You understand what God is doing in the church now because of what he was doing. Creation and then setting up the nation of Israel especially.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And even the current debates, like whether Israel has a right to the land and whether you know, the covenant that that God gave to Abraham and his descendants, whether that was replaced by the church in, in the NewSong Testament, you, replacement theology, which I strongly disagree with. I know that you do as well. the, the only way that we can enter into those and even understand them coherently, we have to go back and understand the Old Testament and we need to understand the timeline of world history and the overview, and kind of see that you know, big 30,000 foot perspective of Genesis, the beginning, all the way through to Revelation and history, which is his story. And so when we're looking at creation, you know, in the beginning, God. In the beginning God created. And then we have Adam and Eve and the Fall.
Key Early Biblical Events: Flood, Tower of Babel, and the Undated Book of Job
Then the next major events of course are the flood, the Tower of Babel, and then you have a question mark, by the book of Job. What does that mean?
Valerie Ellis: Because they believe that Job happened, the events in Job happened sometime early, early history after the flood. You notice that, but somewhere in the book of Genesis. But scholars do not know exactly when. It's not dated and there's, there isn't a historical reference in Job that would give them a clue what context Job, the, the society that he lived in or you know, who was the king in another part of the world or anything like that. So Job is early history. But no, they don't know where in Genesis that actually happened in the chronology.
Jenna Ellis: And so those clues, and that's what's important is to say, you know, these aren't, these other dates then aren't just guesses. These are based on looking at what we know about world history and then what the Bible tells us about the accounts that are actually given in the Bible.
Bridging Biblical and World Timelines: Confidence in Scripture's Historical Accounts
And I want to get to then Exodus and all of that. But we're going to take a break here and I'm talking with my mom, Valerie Ellis about the importance of, importance of the biblical timeline alongside the timeline of world history. Why we can be confident in the accounts of the Bible that this is real. History that God gave us from beginning to end. Obviously we have, also advice and wisdom of how to live the Christian life.
The Bible's Scope: More Than Salvation and Wisdom, It's Historical Context
and, and all of that is contained in the Bible. But a lot of people just view the Bible as well. It tells you how to get saved and then maybe has some fortune cook cookie wisdom, you know, about how to be a good person. And that's not at all what the Bible contains from beginning to end. And so understanding what the Bible contains, where these accounts, were and why, it's also important to understand world history so that we can put the Bible also in context. That's what we're talking about. And so, we will be right back with you.
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Valerie Ellis: Welcome back to Jenna Ellis in the Morning on American Family Radio.
Jenna Ellis: Welcome back. And I'm here with my mom.
Understanding World History Through Biblical Accounts and the Importance of Chronology
Hi, I'm Valerie Ellis. And we're talking about the biblical chronology and world history and how those align and how we can put the Bible in context and the accounts of the Bible and how, we also can understand world history through the accounts in the Bible and how those align and match up. And so it's important on one hand, to know world history. I was talking with a friend in my neighborhood a couple weeks ago, said, yeah, you know, I think history is a little bit boring. Well, no, it's not. I mean, we need to understand, where we, we have come from in world history and in empires and governments and kingdoms and all of the significant events from, you know, the beginning all the way through, until now and you know, the founding of America and American history. And we need to understand all of those world events, also in light of the chronology of the Bible. The Bible is not just the epistles from Paul in the NewSong Testament. Those are incredibly important. But the entire, biblical account is important and understanding all of his story or history.
Exodus and Ancient Egypt: Aligning Archaeological Evidence with Biblical Narratives
And so we left off in the last, break coming into Exodus, and this is where, mom, you were saying during the break that, you know, there's so many, you know, fascinating elements of history here with the pharaohs and, and ancient Egypt and what we know from archeology and world history and also how that aligns with the accounts in Scripture.
Valerie Ellis: Yes, it's so interesting, at least to me. And I think to a lot of people. Ancient Egypt and the pharaohs and the tombs and the pyramids and all of those things that. That intersects. All that. That we know from secular history intersects with biblical history in a very interesting way. And it's the kings or the pharaohs. In the, Book of Exodus and Leviticus, numbers, Deuteronomy. They're not given names, they're just called Pharaoh.
Dating the Exodus: Solomon's Temple, Pharaohs, and Egyptian History Connections
But we can figure it out who that pharaoh was and the name of that pharaoh. And then you can go and read the history, you know, to further your understanding of what the, children of Israel were dealing with down in Egypt when they were in exile down there.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. So let's go through that because you have on this chart, a number of the pharaohs listed and how we can know from history the names of those pharaohs and, where they were in the biblical account as well.
Valerie Ellis: So in the Book of First Things six, chapter six, verse one, it says Solomon began building the temple in, 480 years after the Exodus. That's the clue that they can put that together and say, okay, we know when Solomon did that. Go back 480 years and puts the exodus at, 1445 B.C. and then they can figure out, okay, who was the pharaoh during that. And then you get this whole understanding of who those pharaohs were.
The Pharaohs of Exodus: Thutmose Dynasty, Hatshepsut, and Moses's Rescue
There was a dynasty of Thutmose. and I'm saying this in a way that is. There's Thutmose. I've heard it. And other ways to pronounce it. Nobody probably knows exactly how. But I say Thutmose, the first was the. He was the pharaoh who killed the Hebrew babies. to. When they were, becoming. To. To. There was, The population explosion for the Hebrews. And they. So they killed. He was the one who ordered the killing of the Hebrew babies. And then he had a son, Thutmose ii from. From a lesser wife, not the queen. Follow me on this. And then he had a. Thutmose of the first had a daughter named Hatshepsut who was from the queen mother. That daughter Hatshepsut is the pharaoh's daughter. Who rescued Moses from the basket in the river. She. She grew up to be.
Hatshepsut's Reign, Thutmose III's Oppression, and Amenhotep II as Pharaoh of Exodus
To become the first female pharaoh. Because she said, my brother, who is my dad's son by a lesser wife is not in the right lineage. I deserve to be the queen of Egypt because I come from my Father and the queen mother. So she, you just need to read the history there. She, she took the throne and she was known as his Majesty herself. And Jenna, you would be interested in this. She made pink obelisks and everything. Her color was pink in Egypt. Anyway, that's Hatshepsut. Very interesting.
Jenna Ellis: I was interested. I remember that from homeschool, but. Yeah, go ahead.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. And then Thutmose iii, who was the son of Thutmose ii, who never became the pharaoh by a lesser wife, she is the one who oppressed the Hebrews and made them work, work, as slaves. And then his son Amenhotep. II is the pharaoh of the Exodus. Bible scholars do not believe it was Ramses. That's the. Based on the biblical chronology, that talks about Solomon began his temple 480 years afterwards.
The Exodus Pharaoh and Passover: Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV's Succession
So. And then, interestingly, if he's the pharaoh of the Exodus, his firstborn would have been killed in the Passover. And the next pharaoh, who was Thutmose iv was not the firstborn of. Amen. Amenhotep. ii. That's because the firstborn was killed. So it intersects with biblical history. It's very interesting. And I love that.
Making Biblical History Real: Artifacts, Exhibits, and the Veracity of Scripture
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, I do too. And I love that we can know those things. And see. I mean, I remember in homeschool there was a, ah, an ancient Egypt exhibit that came to the Denver Museum. And you know, we got to go and actually see, see, you know, some of those artifacts and and to see not just world history and what we were studying world history, but biblical history come alive through that. And so, you know, when people separate the, the two and say, okay, there's secular history, there's world history, and then there's kind of this biblical, timeline that's a lot more nebulous because people don't really put it into context unless they're just going through the chronology of the books of the Bible. They don't, they don't mesh the two and have them line up and say, okay, here is, here are some of the things that we know from these specific pharaohs. And when you know that Hatshepsut is the, is the princess that rescued Moses and you see some of those actual artifacts that archaeologists have uncovered, it gives, such a new perspective on biblical history and truly makes that come alive. And it's not just, you know, the book of fairy tales or, you know, felt board characters or, you know, veggietales or something that we learn in Sunday school. It's Actually truth and, and it's alive.
Archaeological Confirmation of Biblical Accounts: Faith Grounded in Historical Evidence
And you can trust the accounts of the Bible. And there are, you know, other circumstances that have been described in the Bible. You know, not just scientific realities, but world history that have been described in the Bible that at one point in time historians scoffed at and said, oh, you know, that, that can't be real or, oh, whatever. And then a later discovery in Arch confirmed the biblical account. We've never had an instance where an archaeological discovery disproved an account in the Bible. It's, it's always been that the biblical account is proven true. And so that gives us not, only a biblical credibility, but also, it. It solidifies our faith that for things that we may not have yet uncovered in archeology, we can trust that the Bible is true and look to that account. And it's just, it's so fascinating and so, Anything you want to say on that, Mom?
Visualizing Biblical Kings: BUSTS, Artifacts, and Making History Tangible
Valerie Ellis: Yeah. Do you remember we used to look up these names after we knew who they were. And you look them up and they have a bust of them or some kind of a artifact, not just in ancient Egypt, but other ones. And you can see that was their way of taking a picture back then is just somebody would sculpt a, ah, bust of them. And then when you're reading the Bible and you're. They're talking about this king was doing this to the children of Israel and they were having to deal with these kind of laws or whatever. And then you look at, you can look and see. You can look at that person as you're reading it and see who was doing this. And it just helps it become real. And you understand more. This is their president that they had to deal with. Like we here in America, we have our presidents and our laws and our justice system and all sorts of. It is. It. It is faith building because we know the Bible is true.
Faith Building Through History: Archaeology Confirming Scripture and the Case for Christ
And it helps us to see, yeah, archaeology and history, secular history, confirm what our Bible says. We don't believe the Bible because of that, but it's faith building to know that they wrote history accurately in the Bible.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah, absolutely. And if, if something, some archaeological discovery went against what the Bible said, we had a lot of those. Then we would probably, as rational people then be skeptical and say, well, wait a minute, then can we really trust the Bible? And so it's But when the archeological discoveries that are made even by, you know, people who aren't Christians, when they confirm the biblical account, it just shows that our faith is grounded in a in a solid basis. And this isn't just a faith like, you know, you'd believe in a fairy tale or magic or, you know, a lot of that, A lot of people accuse religion of just being a crush, a crutch. It's grounded faith in a rational and a legitimate historical account. And of course, you know, when we come to the person of Jesus and all of the proof that, he really did live in during the Roman Empire, and there is so much proof for his life, his death and resurrection, then we can believe with hope and with confidence that that account is accurate.
Christianity: A Faith Grounded in History and the Best Explanation for Reality
And so Christianity isn't just a way to live as a good person, but to actually believe in, the resurrection as the critical event in world history, not just the biblical account, and say, okay, therefore, what does God require of me? What does the Bible say about the truth of reality? And that's why I always say, I'm a Christian, not just because I believe in God, because you can believe in a lot of things and some that are true and some that are false, but because the biblical worldview is the best explanation for the reality to which we're presented. And so we can, we, we obviously believe in world history. I mean, nobody goes to a museum and looks at an artifact and says, I don't believe that. That, you know, really is, is a, you know, hammer from ancient Egypt. I mean, they, they know what it is and you believe in that reality. And so the Bible also confirms the truth of reality. And so by extension, we can believe also in what God has told us that we can't yet verify, like what happens to us after we die and into eternity, because we know that the rest of the Bible is also true. So, so it's a really, you know, just wonderful thing that we can see the biblical chronology and we understand the full story.
The United Kingdom, Divided Kingdom, and Major Prophets During Assyrian Rule
And so as we come to, then, you know, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, and then into, the, in Israel, the United Kingdomnomics under King Saul, King David and King Solomon. You know, let's kind of go through some of those, you know, the M. Major and minor prophets and that portion of the Bible.
Valerie Ellis: So yeah, you get after the United Kingdomnomics, M. Solomon's two sons split the kingdom and there was a northern kingdom and a southern kingdom. Assyria was the world empire at that time. As I said before, Nineveh was its capital.
Assyrian Kings in Scripture: Tiglath-Pileser, Sargon II, and Sennacherib
And this is where they give us some names in scripture of some of the Assyrian, kings. Tiglath, Policer, Shamanizar, these are in second Kings, Sargon ii, Sennacherib, all of these kings, Ezra, Haddon and Ashurbanipal, they all are there in scripture. You can look them up, do a Google search on it. You can see their bus and what they look like and and what the Assyrian culture was like and who their gods were and all. And that, that is who was the world, in the world empire when the divided kingdom was going on in Israel.
The Fall of the Northern Kingdom and Judah's Warning Before Babylonian Conquest
And then they, the Assyrians came in and conquered the northern kingdom. And the, that's the 10 lost tribes as they call them. Not sure that they were lost, but that's what they call them. They were taken off the land and the only kingdom that survived then was the kingdom of Judah in the south. And that is the kingdom then that continued on until Nebuchadnezzar. Even though the prophets came and told them, God is sending Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonians to destroy your nation unless you repent. All the, all the prophets in that, during that time, who warned them and warned them, you know what's going on? If you know, okay, they were there, the last kingdom and Babylon is over there now. The world empire, they're going to come if you don't repent. And they did not repent.
Exilic Prophets: Daniel and Ezekiel in Babylon Under Nebuchadnezzar
And so now then the biblical history goes over to Babylon with Daniel and Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego in, in Babylon with Nebuchadnezzar as their ruler. And the, the prophets, Ezekiel and Daniel, were the, were the exileic prophets who were speaking to those captives in Babylon while they were there for 70 years. and it's, it's fascinating. You can look Nebuchadnezzar and what he looked like and his son Belshazzar, who was the, then he took his father's place and he was the one who was having the feast to, he brought all the other rulers in his kingdom to this feast in Babylon. And they took out the elements and the, the bowls and the cups and all that they had brought to Babylon from destroying the temple.
Belshazzar's Feast, the Handwriting on the Wall, and the Fall of Babylon
And they were toasting their gods in Babylon in blasphemy to the Lord God. And that's when the handwriting came on the wall. And that's that night, Darius the Mead from the middle Persian empire came and conquered Babylon. And you can look, you can look all that up. Secular history.
Post-Exilic Prophets: Nehemiah, Cyrus the Great, and the Medo-Persian Empire
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so, you know, so that was Babylonia. And then we get to the post exilec prophets, so you know Nehemiah, who then goes and is tasked with rebuilding the wall. I mean and this is why again, you know, history and context is important because so many pastors unfortunately just use the book of Nehemiah and building the wall as some kind of, you know, analogy or allegory to we need to build our churches and we need to tithe more. And they use, you know, that kind of symbolism instead of understanding what was actually going on in world and biblical history during the time of Nehemiah and when Cy allowed the Jews to return to their land and during the Medo Persian Empire. And what was actually going on.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, you, you lose all of that when it just becomes a little less book of lessons. Even for Daniel. They'll say, oh, Daniel, you know, dare to be a Daniel. All these things.
Esther, Xerxes, and Artaxerxes: Key Figures in the Medo-Persian Empire
Yeah, well it was really going on, but things were really going on. They had to deal with these rulers, Daniel. And yeah, Cyrus was prophesied by Isaiah. There was going to be some Cyrus who is going to tell the Jews to allow the Jews to go back into their land. And that actually happened. He was a, he was a real ruler, Cyrus. And then we come to Darius II in the Medo Persian Empire and then to Xerxes who was Esther's husband. Then you, you read about Xerxes in secular history and you read the book of Esther. She was the one that was in, you know, came into. Won the beauty contest basically and came into his harem. And then his son Artaxerxes the first is the one who allowed Nehemiah to return to rebuild the walls. And he is also in secular history. And from him was his son Darius ii in Nehemiah 12, called Darius the Persian. You can look them up in secular history.
Historical Figures in Scripture: Esther and the Contextual Importance of Old Testament Narratives
Valerie Ellis: So interesting to know people were really real.
Jenna Ellis: Absolutely. And you know, and again, you know, Esther is one that is so often used and you know, people have quoted this to me so often, you know, oh, for such a time as this, as if it's just a, a story and their case studies to say, okay, how can we be more like an Esther and you. And they, they take them out of context to just build these little TED Talks kind of, you know, around these people. As if we would say, you know, in generations to come, if pastors would say, okay, well you can you be more like a Trump, you know, how can you be more like, you know, or a, you know, Billy Graham, you know, as if these, these people weren't actual historical figures that did things that we can, you know, either look to as you know, good examples or bad examples, but also, you know, understand the world in context and how that fits into the greater narrative of the Gospel story of, of why, you know, God chose Israel and then Israel's history.
Old Testament Foreshadowing of the Messiah and the Need for a Savior
and all of that was a foreshadowing to the Messiah who would come. And we'll get into the NewSong Testament, we got to take a break here. But that all of that Old Testament history is a foreshadowing and an understanding of why we need a savior and then why he would come and his name is Jesus and, and lived and died and, and rose again. And we have historical proof of that account so that all people can have, the opportunity to receive salvation. And then as we enter into the NewSong Testament, where that fits into world history. So, we'll talk about the old test or, I'm sorry, the NewSong Testament when we come right back here on Jenna Ellis in the Morning with my mom, Valerie Ellis.
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Welcome Back: Biblical Chronology, World History, and the Intertestamental Period
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Valerie Ellis: Welcome back to Jenna Ellis in the Morning on American Family Radio Welco.
Jenna Ellis: And I'm here with my mom, Valerie Ellis, and we're talking about biblical chronology and world history. And where we left off, before the break was at the end of the Old Testament and the post exilec prophets. And so now we have an in between period in world history in between the Old Testament and the beginning of the NewSong Testament.
The 400-Year Gap: Alexander the Great and the Division of the Grecian Empire
And so, this is what scholars call in the 400 year period or gap and what was going on in world history between the end of the Old Testament and the beginning of the NewSong.
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, so this is also a fascinating time of history. The Alexander the Great was the world ruler. He conquered in the name of, in the name of Greece. He became, he ruled everything. If you, if you go and look at his history, there's so many places in in that, in his whole kingdom that were called Alexandria, that's, there's Alexandria cities all over, they were named after him. He was a great conqueror. and he, after, soon after he conquered, he was a very young man, he died and his kingdom was divided up into four sections and four, four general, four of his generals ruled each section. But this was prophes in Daniel chapter 8. Alexander the Great is represented by the goat.
Antiochus Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt: The Historical Context of Hanukkah
The goat of Greece or the Grecian kingdom. The one large horn that the goat has was represented Alexander the Great. And in the prophecy it broke off and four other horns grew in its place. And that happened in world history. So he died, Alexander the Great died soon after he conquered. And his kingdom was divided in, into four smaller kingdoms. One of those kingdoms, became obviously Israel was under one of the kingdoms and one of their rulers became Antiochus Epiphanies, who was the one who hated the Jews and the Jewish culture. He outlawed sacrifices, he banned circumcision. He slew a pig on the altar in the temple to his God Zeus. Hm. And he horribly persecuted the Jews. If you want to read a great book on this, it's My Glorious Brothers by Howard Fast. It's out of print now if you can get it anywhere. It's, it's a great book. It talks about this time of history and who he was and how he how he persecuted the Jews.
Hanukkah's Significance and the Beginning of the New Testament Era in the Roman Empire
And they rose up and they fought the mighty Grecian empire and they they won their independence. And that is the story of Hanukkah. And that's what my glorious brothers tells. the story of that. That all happened in between the Testaments. So that when Jesus walked there they were, they were celebrating Hanukkah. And when Jesus said was at the festival and he said I am the light, he was celebrating Hanukkah at that time.
Jenna Ellis: And so then the NewSong Testament begins. and this is 60, 3 BC and so you know, this of course is during the Roman Empire and the Caesars of, you know, Augustus, Claudius, Nero, ah, Vespasian. so walk us through that.
The Roman Empire and the Gospels: Augustus Caesar's Census and Jesus's Birth
And how that aligns with the Gospels.
Valerie Ellis: So Julius Caesar was part of the triumvirate when Rome was a republic. But various things happened and it became an, an empire with Julius Caesar's nephew, Augustus Caesar, being the first Roman emperor. And he is the one who taxed everyone. He, as soon as he took over, he wanted to know how many people are in his kingdom so that he would be able to know how many people will be taxed and how much money he was going to have. It was Augustus Caesar, we all probably remember who, because of that, Joseph and Mary had to go to Bethlehem to to register. And that's why Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem in fulfillment of the prophecy. And then Claudius Caesar is the next Roman emperor who was named in Scripture. In Acts chapter 11, Acts chapter 18. Nero is the one who persecuted the Christians horribly.
Roman Emperors in Scripture: Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, and the Destruction of the Temple
He's not named in Scripture, but he persecuted Peter and M. Paul and the other Christians. Peter, as the tradition, was crucified upside down, by Caesar Nero. And then Vespasian was the Roman emperor who when in AD 70 when the Romans came in and Titus and his legions came in and completely destroyed the temple. It was under the Roman emperor Vespasian, who is not named in Scripture, but that's who that was. And Titus is also not named, but he's the one who came in and, and did that after Jesus was crucified and into the NewSong Testament books.
The Church Age, Israel's Regathering, and Prophecy of the Antichrist
After the temple was destroyed.
Jenna Ellis: Yeah. And so then that was scattering the Jews. And then until 1948 when Israel regathers. And so you know, we have then 33 AD to the present time is the church age. And so, you know, Israel has been scattered, but there is prophecy that says that Israel will be regathered. And we saw that happen in 1948. And then there will be no world empire until the Antichrist and the Tribulation and that that is prophesied and told in Revelation during Jon's vision. And when was Jon exiled to the island of Patmos, and wrote revelation
Valerie Ellis: probably in A.D. 95.
The Apostle John: Exile on Patmos and Faithful Service Amidst Loss
That's what conservative Bible scholars give is the date of Revelation. And so you think about it. Jon wrote his gospel, the book of Jon, first, second, third Jon, and then the book of Revelation after the temple was destroyed. And so he probably had many people that he knew, probably some in his family. They were all killed by the Romans and scattered, as you said, to the four winds. And Jon is still faithfully serving the Lord. He's writing his books of scripture. He lost his country, he lost his family, he lost, you know, the culture. The temple was gone, everything. And yet he's still faithfully serving God.
Ephesus and the Isle of Patmos: Real Places Confirming Biblical Accounts
He was an elder in Ephesus. And you can. Ephesus is a real city and there's artifacts there. And then he was, he was, exiled to the Isle of Patmos. He got Revelation, then he went back to Ephesus, probably in his final years.
Jenna Ellis: And if you haven't been to Ephesus, for listeners, I have. I had the opportunity to go about 10 years ago and it's, it's incredible to go there, to go to Israel, to, you know, see the historical places and the the artifacts that they have, that it makes the Bible come alive. And and you see that these are real places. These aren't just, you know, as we talked about in the very beginning.
From Creation to Revelation: Understanding God's Narrative and Future Events
These aren't just, you know, Never Never Land or in, you know, some, you know, kind of Lord of the Rings, you know, land that's just made up. I mean, these are real historical accounts that show, the narrative. And so when we, when we see what is now coming, we're in the church age. And then what will come, which is the tribulation, and then the second coming of Christ, the actual physical return of, Jesus Christ, who will then reign forever as the, the last world ruler. And of course, he will reign over the new heaven and the new earth.
Confidence in Unfulfilled Prophecy: Jesus's Second Coming and God's Righteous Rule
what does that tell us when we look at the scope of biblical history, and world history? What should we be preparing for and how should we view then our future and our current culture, in terms of being faithful?
Valerie Ellis: Yeah, it's. So as you said before, Jenna, if the Bible is true about everything that we know has already happened, then we can have absolute confidence in the things that haven't happened yet that the Bible tells us it will happen. Jesus is coming again and this world will be ruled by Him.
Hope in Tribulation: Trusting Jesus's Return for Justice and Restoration
Praise him for that. We will finally have a righteous ruler and we can look forward to that that gives us in our tribulations and our trials and the things that are going on. We look at our own nation right now that's crumbling. Everything is, not as we would like it to be, and, and the laws that are passed and the things that people think are true. We can trust Jesus is coming back. There will be this justice served at some point in this world. And we wait in hope. We do not wait as if maybe this will happen. And maybe it won't. No, we know that it will happen.
Encouragement to Study Biblical and World History for a Fuller Understanding
It's just the question of is when. And it could happen at any time.
Jenna Ellis: And this has been such a a quick overview, but I hope that this encourages you to study more about world history, biblical history. Thanks so much mom. And as always, you can reach me and my team. Jenna F R.net. PreBorn has rescued over 400,000 babies from abortion and every day their network clinics rescue 200 babies lives. Will you join PreBorn in loving and supporting young moms in crisis? This save a life today. Go to preborn.com afr.
In this episode, Jenna Ellis is joined by her mother, Valerie Ellis, as they explore the intersection of biblical chronology and world history. They discuss how understanding the timeline of biblical events enhances our comprehension of world history and vice versa. They delve into significant historical figures, empires, and events that shaped the biblical narrative, helping listeners see the Bible not just as a religious text, but as a historical account that aligns with the world around us.
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